标准模拟联合国议事规则

模拟联合国”是世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。青年学生们扮演各个国家的外交官，以联合国会议的形式，通过阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等亲身经历，熟悉联合国的运作方式，了解世界发生的大事对他们未来的影响，了解自身在未来可以发挥的作用。模拟联合国活动不仅可以让参与者在提高对联合国宗旨和使命认识、了解国际关系和外交学等领域基础知识、加深对重大国际议题的理解，更能为青年人参与国际对外交流和传播提供重要平台，有助于培养具有家国情怀、国际视野、全球胜任力的复合型人才。

模拟联合国会议中，参与者需按特定的议事规则对既定议题进行讨论，为规范会议使用的规则，我们特别编订了《标准模拟联合国议事规则》（下称《标规》）。《标规》并不是对真实世界中联合国议事规则的简单复制。在真实的联合国会议中，与会各方在参会前已就相关问题进行过广泛持久的意见交换，而模拟联合国会议不具备这样的“先天优势”，这就决定了代表们必须在有限的会期内进行多个回合的演讲、辩论、磋商，以弥补不够充分的会前交流，从而保证会议成果的科学性和合理性。《标规》力图通过丰富动议形式、强化主席引导、增加辩论环节、鼓励多元观点等方式，凸显模拟联合国会议的教育功能。我们不希望模拟联合国会议成为一个纯粹的风采展示平台或竞技赛场，而是希望寓教于会，使代表通过浸入式体验感受到外交工作的挑战性和国际关系的复杂性，更深刻地理解国际会议与多边谈判的本质。

《标规》包括五部分内容，分别是会场构成、礼仪和语言、议事规则流程、会议文件和会议模拟。会场构成单元对模拟联合国会议涉及的不同主体及职责做了规范性介绍；礼仪和语言单元介绍了会场通用礼仪规范，力图更加完整的还原外交场合；议事规则流程单元是与议事规则相关的全部内容，对辩论形式、投票规则、文件提交等各个方面的规则流程做了介绍和解释；会议文件单元是对文件撰写的实质性指导内容，包括文字叙述和文件范例两部分；会议模拟单元以对话形式展示了会场代表与主席在不同环节的常用语言，使规则更加生动，易于理解。

相较于此前两版《标规》，新版《标规》在原有基础上进行了语言表述的完善及部分实质内容的修改。我们希望藉此调整，使《标规》的内容更加规范，逻辑更为严整，为模拟联合国会议的开展和运行提供更全面和可靠指导。

我们相信，随着《标规》的日益普及，使用者的持续反馈，编写组的不断修订和完善，《标规》必将进一步推动模拟联合国活动在国内的发展和普及。让我们强化合作，弱化分歧，为中国高校模拟联合国活动更好的明天而不断努力。

Model United Nations (Model UN) is a popular activity for those interested in learning more about how the UN operates. The Model UN activities aims to build and maintain strong links between the UN and Model UN participants across the globe. It does that through guides and workshops, which teach students how to make their simulations more accurate; by visiting Model UN conferences and sharing firsthand knowledge of what the actual UN is like; and through encouraging Model UN associations to take real actions to support UN values and the Sustainable Development Goals. The positive significance of the Model UN is that it enables participants to understand current major international issues more deeply, and truly integrate patriotic feelings with international perspectives.

In the Model UN conference, participants are required to discuss certain issues in accordance with formal rules of procedure. Therefore, one of the purposes of the "Standard Model United Nations Rules of Procedure" ("Standard RP") is to standardize the rules used in the Model UN conference.

The Standard RP is not a simple imitation of the real United Nations conferences. In real-world United Nations conferences, all parties involved usually have lasting communication on related issues before attending the conference. However, Model UN conferences do not have such advantages, which determines that delegates must conduct multiple rounds of speeches and debates during limited sessions to make up for insufficient official exchanges before to ensure the resolutions are scientific and rational. The characteristics of the Standard RP are to enrich the form of motions, strengthen the chairman's guidance, increase the rounds of debate, and welcome multiple opinions, highlighting the educational functions of the Model UN conference. A Model UN performance stage or arena is not our will. What we hope is to blend education into the conference so that participants can feel the challenge of diplomatic work and the complexity of international relations through an immersive experience and have a deeper understanding of the nature of multilateral negotiations.

The Standard RP consists of five parts. The structure of the Committee module provides a normative introduction to different players in a Model UN conference and their responsibilities; the decorum and language module introduces common etiquette of the committee, striving to restore the diplomatic situation more completely; the third module is the substantive content related to the rules of procedure, which gives a detailed explanation for all essential procedures such as debate formats, voting rules, and document submission; the conference document module provides guidance on document writing format and content by bringing in descriptions and samples; the committee simulation module displays some often-spoken languages between delegates and the moderator in the form of dialogue, making the rules more vivid and easy to understand.

In general, the new version of the Standard RP has improved the literal expression and modified some of the content on the original basis. The editors hope that after this adjustment, the content of the Standard RP will be more standardized to provide more comprehensive and reliable guidance for the development of the Model UN Conference.